This review focuses on the intersection of six components unique to the experiences that Black men who have sex with men (MSM) have with sexual health, HIV, and health care:

• Black American men have historically been the target of unethical treatment by both public-health agencies and the private medical establishment. This has contributed to widespread mistrust of healthcare providers.
   
• LGBT people have often been the target of discriminatory practices and policies that limit access to health care.
   
• Black gay men exist at the intersection of these two marginalized populations—a position that contributes to their disparate health and HIV outcomes.
   
• Provider bias and policies that affect Black men in disproportionate ways continue to fuel disparate healthcare outcomes.
   
• Health outcomes among Black men can be improved by leveraging proven and promising care-coordination strategies:
  1. Emphasis on Linkage
  2. Emphasis on Retention
  3. Emphasis on Viral Suppression

While these components frame the empirical portion of the literature review, the discussion section focuses on His Health’s six declarative statements:

• Black MSM are strong and resilient. Care interventions for them must be informed by the unique social determinants of health and societal and cultural norms that affect the community.
   
• Black MSM are not "hard to reach." Rather, they are eager to find spaces where they can access culturally effective prevention, care, and treatment services.
   
• Black MSM who are engaged in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program are more likely to achieve viral suppression than their counterparts who seek care elsewhere. Those who access specific supportive services through Ryan White are more likely to achieve viral suppression than their counterparts who do not.
   
• Implementing public-health programming targeted to the unique needs of Black MSM is essential to ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
   
• Providers, health services, and public-health systems serving Black MSM have an inherent responsibility to implement culturally informed services for this population.

Coming Soon: His Health literature review